Common Eye Problems in the Elderly

As we grow older, it’s perfectly normal to notice changes in our vision. Reading might become harder, bright lights more uncomfortable or colours slightly duller. While some of these changes are a natural part of ageing, others may signal underlying conditions that need attention.

Good eye health plays a vital role in maintaining independence, safety and quality of life. From managing everyday tasks to enjoying hobbies and social activities, clear vision helps older adults stay engaged and confident. That’s why understanding common age-related eye problems, and knowing when to seek support is so important.

In this guide, we’ll explore the most common eye conditions affecting older people, what to look out for and how to take simple steps to protect eyesight and overall well-being.

Common eye problems older adults face

While not every change in vision is serious, some problems can affect daily life or indicate more complex health concerns. Below are some of the most common eye problems older adults may face, along with their typical signs:

Presbyopia

Presbyopia is the gradual loss of the eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects. It usually starts to become noticeable from middle age onwards. People with presbyopia often find it harder to read small print or may hold items at arm’s length to see them clearly. Glasses designed for reading or multifocal use can usually resolve the issue.

H3 Cataracts

Cataracts occur when the clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred or hazy vision. Colours may seem dull and bright lights might cause glare. Cataracts tend to develop slowly and are common in older adults. Surgery is highly effective and widely available on the NHS, restoring clear sight in most cases.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma involves increased pressure within the eye that can damage the optic nerve. It often has no symptoms in the early stages, which is why regular eye checks are essential. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss. Treatments include medicated eye drops, laser treatment or surgery.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

AMD affects the central part of the retina, which is crucial for sharp, detailed vision. It can make reading, recognising faces or watching television more difficult. There are two types: dry AMD, which develops slowly, and wet AMD, which progresses more quickly. While there is no cure, treatments and visual aids can help manage the condition.

Diabetic retinopathy

This condition affects people with diabetes and occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina. Symptoms might include blurred vision, floaters or even sudden vision loss. Regular eye screenings are vital for those with diabetes, as early detection allows for effective treatment and monitoring.

Dry eyes

Dry eyes happen when the eyes do not produce enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly. It can cause discomfort, redness and a gritty feeling. Older adults are particularly prone to this condition. Lubricating eye drops and environmental changes, like using a humidifier, can help ease the symptoms.

Floaters and flashes

Many people notice floaters—small specks or strands drifting across their vision—as they age. Occasional floaters are usually harmless, but a sudden increase in floaters, especially if accompanied by flashes of light, could signal a retinal tear or detachment and needs immediate attention.

Looking after your eyes as you age

Taking care of your eyes is just as important as looking after your general health. While not all age-related eye problems can be prevented, there are plenty of things you can do to protect your vision and catch issues early.

• Book regular eye tests – Even if your vision seems fine, routine check-ups (at least every two years, or more often if advised) can detect conditions before symptoms appear.
• Wear sunglasses with UV protection – Prolonged exposure to sunlight can increase the risk of cataracts and other problems.
• Manage other health conditions – Keeping blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels under control helps reduce the risk of diabetic eye disease and stroke-related vision loss.
• Eat well – Foods rich in antioxidants, like leafy greens, carrots, oily fish and berries, can support eye health. We have a guide on the best foods for eye health.
• Quit smoking – Smoking is linked to a higher risk of several eye diseases, including AMD and cataracts.
• Stay active – Regular exercise promotes healthy blood circulation, which benefits the eyes as well as the rest of the body.

It’s also helpful to keep your home well-lit, reduce trip hazards and make use of magnifiers or large-print materials if needed. Taking small, practical steps now can make a big difference in maintaining independence and confidence later on.

How Country Cousins can help

When vision becomes a challenge, everyday tasks can feel more daunting. We also understand that eye conditions can affect more than just sight, they can lead to frustration, isolation or loss of confidence. Our carers are there not only to provide physical assistance but also to offer companionship and encouragement. With someone on hand 24/7, your loved one can stay safe, comfortable and independent in the home they know and love.

Talk to our team today

If you are considering live-in care for you or your loved one, get in touch with us at Country Cousins today. We are the UK’s longest-serving introductory care agency, having provided compassionate care to people in their own homes since 1959.

Give us a call today on 0808 169 9571. Our experienced team is on hand to help from Monday to Friday, 8 am to 6 pm. Alternatively, contact us through our online enquiry form.