How to Prevent Common Infections in the Elderly
Our bodies become more vulnerable to illness as we grow older and infections that may seem mild in younger people can have more serious effects in later life. Chest infections, urinary tract infections, stomach bugs and skin conditions are all more common in older adults, particularly those living with other health issues or reduced mobility.
The good news is that many of these infections can be prevented with simple daily habits, early spotting of symptoms and a bit of extra support. Whether you’re caring for someone at home or just want to stay well yourself, knowing what to look out for and how to reduce the risks can make a real difference.
In this guide, we’ll explain why infections are more common in later life, the types of infections to be aware of and practical steps you can take to help prevent them.
Why older adults are more at risk
As we get older, natural changes in the body can make it harder to fight off infections. Everyday illnesses that are mild in younger people can become more serious in later life, especially when combined with other health concerns.
Here are some of the key reasons why older adults are more vulnerable:
- Weakened immune system – the body’s natural defences slow down with age, making it more difficult to fight off bacteria and viruses.
- Long-term health conditions – conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and chronic lung conditions can make it harder for the body to recover from illness.
- Reduced mobility – being less active can affect circulation and lung health, and may also make personal hygiene more difficult to maintain without support.
- Thinner, more fragile skin – ageing skin is more prone to breaks and tears, which can become entry points for bacteria.
- Poor nutrition or dehydration – not eating or drinking enough weakens the body and makes it more susceptible to infection.
- Frequent hospital stays or care home environments – these settings can increase exposure to germs, especially if infection control measures aren’t followed closely.
Common infections in later life
Some types of infection are more common in older people than in younger adults. Knowing what they are — and how they typically appear — can help with early recognition and quicker treatment.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
UTIs are especially common in older adults and may cause confusion, agitation or changes in toilet habits rather than pain or burning. They often develop when someone isn’t drinking enough, or if continence is an issue.
Chest infections
Chest infections like bronchitis or pneumonia can follow a cold or flu. In older people, symptoms might include breathlessness, fatigue or confusion — sometimes without a high temperature.
Skin infections and pressure sores
Dry, fragile skin can tear easily and may become infected if not cleaned properly. Pressure sores can also develop if someone spends long periods in bed or a chair without moving.
Stomach bugs
Viruses like norovirus spread quickly and can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and dehydration. Older people may become unwell more quickly and recover more slowly.
Oral and dental infections
Sore gums, loose teeth or ulcers can become infected if dental hygiene is difficult to manage. These infections may make eating uncomfortable and affect appetite.
Wound infections
Small cuts or surgical wounds may become red, swollen or weepy if not kept clean and dry. This is especially important for people with diabetes or slower healing times.
Spotting early signs of infection
In older adults, the signs of infection may be different from what you’d expect. Sometimes they appear gradually or seem unrelated to the area affected. Recognising these early signs can help prevent more serious illness and ensure prompt treatment.
Look out for:
- Sudden confusion or drowsiness
- Fever, chills or feeling unusually cold
- Changes in toilet habits
- Coughing or breathlessness
- Redness, swelling or pain
- Loss of appetite or low energy
If you notice one or more of these changes, it’s a good idea to speak to a GP or call 111 for advice — even if symptoms seem mild at first.
When to get medical advice
Infections can become serious more quickly in older people, especially if they are frail or living with other health conditions. Acting early can make a big difference to recovery and help prevent hospital admission.
You should contact a GP or call 111 if the person:
- Becomes suddenly confused, drowsy or hard to wake
- Has difficulty breathing, chest pain or a persistent cough
- Has a fever that doesn’t go down or is accompanied by shivering
- Has pain, redness or swelling that gets worse
- Is not eating or drinking, and seems unusually weak
- Has symptoms that change quickly or seem out of character
- Is already unwell and their condition starts to deteriorate
For urgent concerns, especially if the person is very breathless or unresponsive, call 999 or go to A&E.
It’s always better to seek help early, even if you’re unsure. A quick check from a doctor or nurse can bring peace of mind and lead to faster treatment if needed.
How can Country Cousins help?
Since 1959, we’ve been helping people live comfortably and safely in their own homes with the support of a carefully matched live-in carer. As the UK’s longest-serving introductory live-in care agency, we understand the value of continuity, compassion and familiar surroundings. Whether it’s ongoing support or more specialist care, we’re here to make life easier for you and your loved ones.
Learn more about our elderly care at home.
Talk to our team today
If you or a loved one are exploring live-in care, speak with one of our friendly team today. They can provide expert advice and guidance on the best option for your needs.
Give us a call today on 01293 224 706. Our experienced team is on hand to help from Monday to Friday, 8 am to 6 pm. Alternatively, contact us through our online enquiry form.
