What is Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Seasonal affective disorder (often called SAD) is a type of depression that tends to happen at the same time each year, usually during autumn and winter. It can affect anyone, but it’s more common in older people, especially those who spend long periods indoors or live alone.

As the days grow shorter and the nights longer, it’s natural to feel a bit low from time to time. But for some, this change in the seasons brings a more serious shift in mood that can make everyday life feel much harder. Understanding the signs of SAD means it can be recognised early and steps can be taken to help manage it.

What are the symptoms of SAD?

Seasonal affective disorder can affect people in different ways, but it often makes day-to-day life feel more difficult than usual. For older people, these changes can be easy to mistake for part of getting older or living with other health conditions. That’s why it’s important to know what to look out for.

Common symptoms include:

Feeling low, sad or hopeless most days
Having less energy or feeling tired all the time
Sleeping more than usual or struggling to stay awake during the day
Losing interest in hobbies or social activities
Changes in appetite, such as eating more or craving sweet foods
Finding it hard to concentrate or remember things
Feeling more irritable or anxious than usual

Some people may also feel more withdrawn or reluctant to leave the house. These changes often start in late autumn and can last through the winter months.

What causes seasonal affective disorder?

While the exact cause of SAD isn’t fully understood, it’s thought to be linked to how our bodies respond to changes in daylight during the colder months. For older people, who may already spend more time indoors or have limited mobility, the effects can be more noticeable.

Possible causes include:

Less natural sunlight – Shorter days and longer nights mean less exposure to daylight. This can disrupt the body’s natural rhythm, making it harder to feel awake and alert during the day.
Changes in brain chemicals – A lack of sunlight may affect levels of serotonin, a chemical in the brain that helps regulate mood.
Disrupted sleep patterns – SAD can affect melatonin, a hormone that helps control sleep. This may lead to feeling tired, sleeping more than usual or having poor quality sleep.
Low vitamin D levels – Without enough sunshine, the body may produce less vitamin D, which can affect mood and overall health.

These changes can all play a part in how we feel over the winter months, especially in later life when the body may be more sensitive to seasonal changes.

Who is most at risk?

Seasonal affective disorder can affect anyone, but some people are more likely to develop it than others. For older adults, certain changes that come with age can increase the risk.

You may be more at risk if:

You’re over 65
You have other health conditions, such as heart disease or mobility issues
You spend a lot of time indoors or have limited access to natural daylight
You live alone or have little regular social contact
You’ve experienced depression or SAD in the past
A close relative has had SAD or another type of depression

For older people, things like reduced mobility, poor weather or a lack of transport can make it harder to get outside. This means less exposure to daylight, which can make SAD symptoms worse or more likely to develop.

How can it be treated or managed?

The good news is that seasonal affective disorder can be managed, and many people feel better with the right support. For older adults, small changes to daily routines and the right kind of help can make a big difference.

Common ways to manage SAD include:

Light therapy – Using a special light box that mimics natural daylight can help boost mood. It’s most effective when used in the morning, for around 30 minutes a day.
Talking therapies – Counselling or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can help you explore how you’re feeling and find practical ways to cope.
Medication – In some cases, a GP may prescribe antidepressants to help manage low mood. This can be especially helpful if symptoms are more severe.
Staying active – Gentle exercise, such as walking or chair-based activities, can lift mood and improve wellbeing.
Spending time outdoors – Even on cloudy days, being outside can help. Sitting near a window during the day can also make a difference.
Keeping in touch – Regular contact with friends, family or a carer can help reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation.

Every person is different, so what works for one may not work for another. If you think you or someone you care for may have SAD, it’s important to speak to a GP for advice.

How can Country Cousins help?

Since 1959, we’ve been helping people live comfortably and safely in their own homes with the support of a carefully matched live-in carer. As the UK’s longest-serving introductory live-in care agency, we understand the value of continuity, compassion and familiar surroundings. Whether it’s ongoing support or more specialist care for a complex condition, we’re here to make life easier for you and your loved ones.

Learn more about our elderly care at home.

Talk to our team today

If you or a loved one are exploring live-in care, speak with one of our friendly team today. They can provide expert advice and guidance on the best option for your needs.

Give us a call today on 01293 224 706. Our experienced team is on hand to help from Monday to Friday, 8 am to 6 pm. Alternatively, contact us through our online enquiry form.