Swollen Legs in the Elderly: Practical Prevention Tips

Swollen legs are a common issue among older people. Often caused by a build-up of fluid, this swelling, known as oedema, can lead to discomfort, stiffness and difficulty moving around. While it may sometimes be mild and temporary, it can also be a sign of an underlying health condition that needs attention.

For older adults, especially those who sit or rest for long periods, swollen legs can affect day-to-day comfort and independence. The good news is that there are simple ways to help reduce the risk and manage symptoms if they appear. Knowing what causes leg swelling and how to prevent it can make a big difference.

What causes swollen legs in older people?

As we get older, our bodies naturally change, and this can affect how well blood and other fluids circulate. Swollen legs are often caused by fluid collecting in the lower limbs, but there can be many different reasons why this happens.

Common causes include:

 

• Slower circulation – Ageing can lead to reduced blood flow, especially in the legs and feet. This makes it easier for fluid to build up.

 

• Sitting or standing for long periods – Staying in one position for too long, particularly with the legs hanging down, can cause swelling.

 

• Heart problems – Conditions such as heart failure can affect how well the body moves fluid around, leading to swelling in the lower legs.

 

• Kidney or liver conditions – These organs help manage fluid levels. If they’re not working properly, swelling may develop.

 

• Venous insufficiency – This is when the valves in the leg veins don’t work as well, making it harder for blood to return to the heart.

 

• Lymphoedema – Caused by a blockage or damage to the lymphatic system, leading to a build-up of lymph fluid in the tissues.

 

• Side effects of medication – Some medicines, including those for blood pressure or diabetes, can cause swelling as a side effect.

 

• Infections or injuries – Any kind of trauma or infection in the leg can lead to temporary swelling while the body heals.

 

Understanding the cause of swollen legs is the first step in managing the condition. If the cause isn’t clear or the swelling is sudden, it’s always best to seek medical advice.

When should you seek medical advice?

Although swollen legs are often mild and can improve with rest and care, there are times when they may point to something more serious. It’s important to know when to speak to a GP or healthcare professional.

You should seek medical advice if:

• The swelling comes on suddenly, especially in one leg only
• Your leg feels painful, red, or warm to the touch
• You also have shortness of breath or chest pain
• The swelling keeps getting worse or doesn’t improve with rest
• There is a history of blood clots, heart problems or recent surgery
• You notice broken or weeping skin around the swollen area

These could be signs of an underlying condition, such as deep vein thrombosis, heart failure or infection, all of which may need treatment. Getting help early can make a big difference to how quickly things improve.

Everyday tips to help prevent swollen legs

There are simple steps that can help reduce the risk of swollen legs in older people. These can also ease discomfort if swelling has already started. Small changes to daily routines can go a long way in keeping legs healthy and comfortable.

Helpful prevention tips include:

Keep moving throughout the day

Regular movement helps blood and fluid flow properly through the body. For older people, this might include a short walk around the house or some gentle leg exercises while seated. Even small movements, done often, can improve circulation and help stop fluid from building up in the legs.

 

Avoid sitting still for too long

Remaining in one position for long periods, especially sitting with feet down, can make swelling worse. Try to change position at least once an hour. If standing or walking is difficult, simply shifting in the chair or flexing the ankles up and down can help stimulate circulation.

 

Raise your legs when resting

When sitting or lying down, it can help to raise your legs on a cushion or footstool so they’re slightly higher than your hips. This encourages fluid to drain away from the legs and feet. It’s a good habit during quiet activities like reading, watching television or napping.

 

Choose clothing and footwear that fit well

Tight clothing around the waist, thighs or ankles can restrict blood flow and make swelling worse. Choose loose, breathable garments and shoes that are comfortable and supportive. Avoid socks or tights with tight elastic that can leave marks on the skin.

 

Stay well hydrated

Drinking enough water throughout the day helps your body manage fluids better and reduces the chance of water retention. It also supports healthy kidney function, which plays a key role in preventing swelling. Go for small, regular sips, especially if there’s less physical activity.

 

Eat a balanced, lower-salt diet

Too much salt can cause the body to hold on to extra fluid. Eating home-cooked meals with fresh vegetables, wholegrains and lean protein can help support circulation and overall health. If appetite is reduced, try lighter meals more often, and speak to a GP or dietitian for tailored advice.

Use compression stockings if recommended

Compression stockings gently squeeze the legs to help prevent fluid from collecting. They are usually most effective when fitted properly and worn during the day. Always speak to a GP or nurse before using them, especially if you have other health conditions or reduced mobility.

Look after the skin on the legs and feet

Swollen legs are more prone to dryness, irritation and skin damage. Keep the skin clean and moisturised, and look out for any signs of redness, broken skin or infection. Wearing socks or slippers around the house can help protect the feet.

How can Country Cousins help?

Since 1959, we’ve been helping people live comfortably and safely in their own homes with the support of a carefully matched live-in carer. As the UK’s longest-serving introductory live-in care agency, we understand the value of continuity, compassion and familiar surroundings. Whether it’s ongoing support or more specialist care for a complex condition, we’re here to make life easier for you and your loved ones.

Learn more about our elderly care at home.

Talk to our team today

If you or a loved one are exploring live-in care, speak with one of our friendly team today. They can provide expert advice and guidance on the best option for your needs.

Give us a call today on 01293 224 706. Our experienced team is on hand to help from Monday to Friday, 8 am to 6 pm. Alternatively, contact us through our online enquiry form.