Receiving an Alzheimer’s diagnosis in its early stages can be overwhelming, both for the individual affected and their loved ones. Early-stage Alzheimer’s disease often presents subtle cognitive and behavioural changes, but with proper support and care, individuals can continue to lead meaningful lives. Understanding these early symptoms is essential for creating a supportive environment that encourages independence while also preparing for the future.
In this guide, we will explore the early signs of Alzheimer’s, how to manage the evolving symptoms and practical tips for caregivers to help maintain quality of life during this challenging time.
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects memory, thinking and behaviour. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for up to 60-80% of all dementia cases. Alzheimer’s gradually destroys brain cells, leading to cognitive decline, memory loss and eventually an inability to perform daily living tasks.
Although the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to be a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. As the disease progresses, people may experience significant changes in their personality, mood and overall functioning.
What are the early symptoms?
The early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease can be subtle but become more noticeable over time.
Some of the most common early signs include:
- Memory loss: Difficulty remembering recent events or conversations, especially short-term memories.
- Difficulty in planning or problem-solving: Struggling to follow instructions or manage daily tasks like paying bills or following a recipe.
- Confusion with time or place: Losing track of dates, seasons and the passage of time or sometimes becoming disoriented in familiar places.
- Trouble with language: Difficulty finding the right words during conversation or calling things by the wrong names.
- Misplacing items: Frequently losing items and being unable to retrace steps to find them.
- Changes in mood or personality: Increased anxiety, irritability or depression, as well as becoming withdrawn from social activities.
What are the stages of Alzheimer’s
Alzheimer’s disease typically progresses through three main stages: early (mild), middle (moderate), and late (severe). Each stage comes with distinct symptoms and challenges, requiring different levels of care and support.
- Early Stage (Mild Alzheimer’s)
In the early stage, individuals may experience mild memory loss and slight changes in thinking abilities. They often remain independent but may struggle with recalling recent events, finding the right words or completing familiar tasks. This stage is also when close family members notice subtle changes in behaviour. - Middle Stage (Moderate Alzheimer’s)
As Alzheimer’s progresses to the middle stage, memory loss and confusion become more pronounced. People may need assistance with daily tasks like bathing, dressing or preparing meals. They might also become disoriented, have trouble recognising familiar people or places and experience mood swings or behavioural changes. - Late Stage (Severe Alzheimer’s)
In the final stage, Alzheimer’s severely impacts cognitive abilities and physical function. Individuals typically require full-time care, as they may lose the ability to communicate, walk or perform basic self-care. During this stage, caregivers often provide round-the-clock assistance to ensure comfort and safety.
Caring for someone in the early stages
In the early stages of Alzheimer’s, you may take on the role of a care partner, providing support without significantly altering the person’s daily life. While they might remain largely independent, needing minimal assistance with tasks like dressing or managing personal care, you may be unsure about what lies ahead or how to offer the right support.
Finding a new balance
One of the challenges during the early stages is determining the level of assistance needed. The individual may still be able to manage many daily tasks like driving, working or volunteering, but they may struggle with organising their schedule or managing household finances. Your role as a care partner is to offer support where necessary, without taking away their sense of independence. Working together on daily tasks can help the person develop coping strategies and maintain their confidence as long as possible.
Home safety checklist
Consider downloading a home safety checklist to ensure the living environment remains safe for as long as possible, maximising the individual’s independence. Keep the checklist handy as a tool to prevent potential risks or hazards.
Understanding emotions in early stage Alzheimer’s
Both you and the person living with Alzheimer’s may go through a range of emotions. It’s important to recognise these feelings and find ways to address them.
Emotions you may experience as a care partner:
- Denial: It can be difficult to accept the diagnosis at first. Though denial may help initially, prolonged denial can hinder your ability to plan and support your loved one effectively.
- Fear and anxiety: Worry about how the disease will progress or how you’ll manage care is common. Staying informed and seeking support can reduce uncertainty.
- Anger or frustration: Feeling resentful or angry about the diagnosis and how it impacts your life is normal, but finding healthy outlets to process these feelings is essential.
- Grief and sadness: Many care partners experience a sense of loss over their changing relationship with their loved one. Acknowledging these emotions can help in coping.
Emotions the person with dementia may experience:
- Denial and fear: They may have difficulty accepting the diagnosis or fear what the future holds. Encourage open conversations about their feelings and engage in meaningful activities that allow them to feel a sense of normalcy.
Helping the person with dementia live well
Supporting someone in the early stages of Alzheimer’s is about promoting independence while enhancing their quality of life. A key aspect of this is encouraging physical activity, as regular exercise can help manage symptoms and improve overall well-being. Look for activities you can enjoy together, whether it’s a daily walk, gardening or gentle yoga, to keep them active and engaged.
Diet also plays an important role in maintaining health. Preparing balanced meals that are rich in vegetables and low in saturated fats can support cognitive health and overall physical well-being. Simple, nutritious meals not only provide essential nutrients but can also help maintain energy levels and mood.
Establishing a daily routine is another crucial factor. A structured routine can improve sleep patterns and create a sense of stability. This regularity also provides opportunities for social engagement, which is important for both mental and emotional health.
Finally, it’s important to identify and address potential stress triggers. Recognising situations that may cause anxiety or frustration for the person with dementia allows you to avoid or minimise them. By understanding these stressors, you can help create a more relaxed and positive environment, making day-to-day life easier for both of you.
Taking care of yourself as a carer
Caring for someone with Alzheimer’s can be emotionally and physically demanding and it’s crucial to prioritise your own well-being to avoid burnout. Engaging in activities that promote your health and happiness can help reduce stress and improve your ability to provide care. Spend time with friends and family, maintain a balanced diet, stay physically active and make sure to see your doctor regularly.
Here are some tips on maintaining your health while caring for a loved one:
- Seek support early: Plan for regular breaks by scheduling an afternoon for yourself each month. You could ask family members or friends to visit or spend time with the person living with dementia while you recharge.
- Build a support network: Having a reliable system of support will help you manage the increasing demands of caregiving. Consider who you already lean on in tough times and expand that network if necessary.
- Connect with others: Join in-person or online support groups to share experiences and gain comfort from others who understand what you’re going through.
- Don’t be afraid to ask for help: Many caregivers delay asking for assistance, but it’s essential to do so before feeling overwhelmed.
- Take time for yourself: Rest when you need it and continue pursuing activities that bring you joy and fulfilment. Your well-being is just as important as the care you give.
- Don’t take symptoms personally: The person with dementia may forget events or make commitments they can’t remember. These behaviours are a result of the disease, not a reflection of their feelings toward you.
- Stay healthy: Regular exercise, a balanced diet and routine doctor visits are essential for managing your own health and staying resilient.
Remember, you don’t have to do it all alone. Consider respite care services to take a break and recharge. Temporary respite, whether for a few hours or days, can provide you with the time you need to rest, knowing your loved one is in capable hands.
How Country Cousins can help
If you or a loved one are navigating the challenges of dementia, Country Cousins is here to help. Our dedicated team specialises in nationwide dementia home care, providing compassionate support that enables individuals to maintain their independence in the comfort of their own homes.
With a focus on continuity, our experienced carers are placed in long-term assignments to create a stable environment, reducing the stress that frequent changes can bring. Alongside companionship and daily assistance with tasks such as meal preparation and light housekeeping, we ensure that each person receives tailored support to enhance their quality of life.
Talk to our team today
If you require live-in care for you or your loved one, get in touch with us at Country Cousins today. We are the UK’s longest-serving introductory care agency, having provided compassionate care to people in their own homes since 1959.
Give us a call today on 01293 244 706 should you have any questions about home care. Our experienced team is on hand to help from Monday to Friday, 8 am to 6 pm. Alternatively, contact us through our online enquiry form.
